Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Hematologic Disorders – Case Study
Part One:
INITIAL HISTORY:
Tom is a 47 year old male who presents with gradual onset of dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. He also complains of frequent dyspepsia with nausea and occasional epigastric pain. So far you only know that he has a history of alcohol abuse.
Discussion question part one:
What questions would you like to ask this patient about his symptoms?
Part Two
He says he has not had his usual energy levels for months; dyspnea has become much worse in the last few weeks which is why he came in. Tom denies chest pain, orthopnea, edema, cough, wheezing, or recent infections. He states he has occasional episodes of hematemesis after drinking heavily, and subsequently has had several days of dark stools. Tom consumes up to 2 six-packs of beer a day for the past 8 years since losing his job. Nothing seems to make his breathing any better, but antacids help with is epigastric discomfort and dyspepsia.
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:
Denies history of cardiac or pulmonary disease
Diagnosed with duodenal ulcer in the past and was on “3 drugs at once” for a while 2 years ago, but stopped taking them due to the expense
His only surgical history was a childhood tonsillectomy
De does not smoke or take any medications except for over the counter antacids
He has no known allergies
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
Thin and pale white male looking older than his stated age with no acute distress
T = 37 C orally; P = 95 and regular; RR = 16 and unlabored; B/P = 128/72 sitting
Skin, HEENT, Neck:
Skin pale without rash, no spider angiomata
Sclera pale with no icterus
PERRLA, fundi without lesions
Pharynx is clear without postnasal drainage
NO thyromegaly, adenopathy, or bruits
Lungs, Cardiac:
Good lung expansion, lungs clear to auscultation and percussion
PMI at 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line
Heart rhythm regular with a grade II/VI systolic ejection murmur at left sternal border
No gallops, heaves, or thrills
Abdomen, Rectal:
Abdomen nondistended; bowel sounds present
Liver 8 cm. At midclavicular line
Moderate epigastric tenderness without rebound or guarding
Prostate not enlarged and nontender
Stool guaiac positive
Extremities, Neurological:
No joint deformity, muscle tenderness or edema
Alert and oriented X 3
Strength is 5/5 throughout and sensation intact
Gait normal. DTR 2 + and symmetrical throughout
Discussion questions part two:
What are the pertinent positives and negatives on examination related to his presenting problem?
What is your differential diagnosis at this time?
What laboratory studies should be obtained at this time?
Part Three
LABORATORY RESULTS:
WBC = normal with a normal differential and platelet count
Hct = 29%; MCV = normal, MCHC = slightly decreased; RDW = markedly increased; reticulocyte count < 2%
Smear with mixed microcytic/hypochromic and macrocytic/normochromic red blood cells; WBC and platelets appear normal
PT/PTT, liver function tests, electrolytes, and amylase normal
Upper endoscopy with 2 cm. duodenal ulcer with evidence of recent but no acute hemorrhage
AIDITIONAL LABORATORY RESULTS:
Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, saturation, and ferritin all reduced
Bone marrow biopsy with megaloblastic changes and low iron stores
Ø Serum folate and red blood cell folate low; B12 normal
Discussion questions part three:
Based on these findings, what are the diagnoses for this patient?
How should this patient be managed?
This needs to be in APA Format with 3-5 scholarly articles to back up each part (1, 2, 3). Also information in answer needs to be referenced with APA in text citations.
Regulation of physiological processes experiment
/in /by CarlosRegulation of germination
Regulation of Physiological Processes Experiment (Starch-agar plates, GA, ABA, and glucose pr sucrose)
Qs are related to theGA and Amylase lab
*How does the concentration of a hormone affect the physiological response and the presence of one hormone block alter the action of another?
*Does the concentration of sugaravailable to the embryo alter the hormone response andthe embryo it self have a hormone response that is different from the endosperm?
*Does salt or other stress activate theABA repose or Ca2+ incvolved in the reponse of the seed to ABA/
Making reaction, Assume you are given a primer with a
/in /by CarlosAssume you are given a primer with a concentration of 1.4 mg/ml, RNA concentration of 0.8 mg/ml, 1M MgCl2, 10mM dNTP mix, 10x buffer, 10 units/ul of reverse transcriptase. Describe how to make the following reaction:
5mM MgCl2
1x buffer
1mM dNTP mix
10ng of primer 1
10ng of primer 2
1ug of Rna
0.25 units of reverse transcriptase
Final reaction 20ul
Solution-Problem regarding the brain size and intelligence
/in /by CarlosBrain Size and Intelligence
Background: Is brain size a measure of intelligence? Brain size tends to vary with body size: for example, sperm whales and elephants have brains up to five times as massive as human brains. So across species, brain size is not a perfect measure of intelligence. And within species, the underlying organization (complexity of connections) and molecular activity of the brain are likely to be more directly associated with intelligence than mere size.
In this assignment, we will investigate relationships between physiological measures of the brain, and intelligence. Download and open the Excel workbook, MHA610_Week 5_Assignment_Brain_Data.xls. The workbook contains data on 20 youths, in rows two through 21. Eight variables (the columns) were recorded on each individual; the column headings are given in row one. The column headings are as follows:
IQ
the individual’s IQ
Order
the birth order (1 = firstborn, 2 = not firstborn)
Pair
marker for genotype
Sex
gender, 1 = male, 2 = female
CCSA
corpus callosum surface area (in cm2)
HC
head circumference (in cm)
TOTSA
total brain surface area (in cm2)
TOTVOL
total brain volume (in cm3)
WEIGHT
body weight (in kg)
The neuroanatomical measures CCSA, TOTSA, and TOTVOL were determined from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brains, followed by automated image analyses of the scans. The corpus callosum is a bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex, connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the brain; it is the communication highway between the two hemispheres. (The more lanes to the highway, the faster the traffic ought to flow.)
The following questions can be answered in Excel, StatDisk, or other statistics software you may have available.
BONUS. Power law distributions, that is, functional relationships between two variables in which one variable is roughly a power of the other, are often used to model physiological data. One of the oldest power laws, the square-cube law, was introduced by Galileo in the 1600’s: empirically, the square-cube law states that as a shape grows in size, its volume grows faster than its surface area. We shall investigate the square-cube law with two variables from our dataset, CCSA and TOTVOL. If CCSA varies with some power of TOTVOL, for example, CCSA = k * (TOTVOL) ? (k is an unknown constant here), then a simple way of estimating the exponent ? is via linear regression: take log(CCSA) as the dependent variable and log(TOTVOL) as the independent variable; the fitted regression coefficient (slope) is an estimate of the exponent. (Do you see why this is true?) Perform this linear regression, and report your results. Describe whether the regression coefficient is significantly different from 2/3. (The 2/3rd power law occurs often in nature.)
Solution-Discuss the function of hiv protease and integrase
/in /by CarlosDiscuss the function of HIV protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase.
Identify the characteristics of HIV which account for its transmission. Include the basic epidemiology of this virus and its method of transfer.
Discuss the normal function of B-lymphocytes, killer T-lymphocytes, helper T-lymphocytes, and macrophages in the immune system. Explain how HIV affects these components of a healthy immune system.
Explain the function of the complement system and do some research to investigate how the HIV virus turns the complement system against the human body. How has this lead to new treatments for this disease (Hint: Wiki or PubMed is a good place to begin your research)?
Denies history of cardiac or pulmonary disease
/in /by CarlosCardiovascular, Cellular, and Hematologic Disorders – Case Study
Part One:
INITIAL HISTORY:
Tom is a 47 year old male who presents with gradual onset of dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. He also complains of frequent dyspepsia with nausea and occasional epigastric pain. So far you only know that he has a history of alcohol abuse.
Discussion question part one:
What questions would you like to ask this patient about his symptoms?
Part Two
He says he has not had his usual energy levels for months; dyspnea has become much worse in the last few weeks which is why he came in. Tom denies chest pain, orthopnea, edema, cough, wheezing, or recent infections. He states he has occasional episodes of hematemesis after drinking heavily, and subsequently has had several days of dark stools. Tom consumes up to 2 six-packs of beer a day for the past 8 years since losing his job. Nothing seems to make his breathing any better, but antacids help with is epigastric discomfort and dyspepsia.
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:
Denies history of cardiac or pulmonary disease
Diagnosed with duodenal ulcer in the past and was on “3 drugs at once” for a while 2 years ago, but stopped taking them due to the expense
His only surgical history was a childhood tonsillectomy
De does not smoke or take any medications except for over the counter antacids
He has no known allergies
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
Thin and pale white male looking older than his stated age with no acute distress
T = 37 C orally; P = 95 and regular; RR = 16 and unlabored; B/P = 128/72 sitting
Skin, HEENT, Neck:
Skin pale without rash, no spider angiomata
Sclera pale with no icterus
PERRLA, fundi without lesions
Pharynx is clear without postnasal drainage
NO thyromegaly, adenopathy, or bruits
Lungs, Cardiac:
Good lung expansion, lungs clear to auscultation and percussion
PMI at 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line
Heart rhythm regular with a grade II/VI systolic ejection murmur at left sternal border
No gallops, heaves, or thrills
Abdomen, Rectal:
Abdomen nondistended; bowel sounds present
Liver 8 cm. At midclavicular line
Moderate epigastric tenderness without rebound or guarding
Prostate not enlarged and nontender
Stool guaiac positive
Extremities, Neurological:
No joint deformity, muscle tenderness or edema
Alert and oriented X 3
Strength is 5/5 throughout and sensation intact
Gait normal. DTR 2 + and symmetrical throughout
Discussion questions part two:
What are the pertinent positives and negatives on examination related to his presenting problem?
What is your differential diagnosis at this time?
What laboratory studies should be obtained at this time?
Part Three
LABORATORY RESULTS:
WBC = normal with a normal differential and platelet count
Hct = 29%; MCV = normal, MCHC = slightly decreased; RDW = markedly increased; reticulocyte count < 2%
Smear with mixed microcytic/hypochromic and macrocytic/normochromic red blood cells; WBC and platelets appear normal
PT/PTT, liver function tests, electrolytes, and amylase normal
Upper endoscopy with 2 cm. duodenal ulcer with evidence of recent but no acute hemorrhage
AIDITIONAL LABORATORY RESULTS:
Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, saturation, and ferritin all reduced
Bone marrow biopsy with megaloblastic changes and low iron stores
Ø Serum folate and red blood cell folate low; B12 normal
Discussion questions part three:
Based on these findings, what are the diagnoses for this patient?
How should this patient be managed?
This needs to be in APA Format with 3-5 scholarly articles to back up each part (1, 2, 3). Also information in answer needs to be referenced with APA in text citations.