research in psychology exam 5

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Question 1 of 40

2.5 Points

In low-constraint studies:

 

 

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A. analysis is only possible if we use complex statistical software.

  

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B. coding of data is generally necessary before analysis.

  

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C. direct analysis can always be undertaken.

  

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D. there is often no data to analyze.

  

Question 2 of 40

2.5 Points

A survey is most useful in gathering data on the:

 

 

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A. knowledge base of participants.

  

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B. attitudes of participants.

  

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C. causes of participants’ behavior.

  

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D. Both A and B

  

Question 3 of 40

2.5 Points

If an obtained correlation was 0.50, the coefficient of determination would be:

 

 

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A. 0.50.

  

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B. 0.25.

  

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C. -0.50.

  

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D. 0.00.

  

Question 4 of 40

2.5 Points

A strong relationship between two variables:

 

 

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A. can imply causality in differential research.

  

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B. cannot imply causality in differential research.

  

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C. can imply causality in differential research but not in correlational research.

  

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D. is entirely meaningless.

  

Question 5 of 40

2.5 Points

Carrying out a survey by interviewing the first 100 people coming out of a movie theater would be an example of:

 

 

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A. a status survey.

  

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B. nonprobability sampling.

  

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C. probability sampling.

  

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D. simple random sampling.

  

Question 6 of 40

2.5 Points

Milfont (2009) found that desirable responding did not impact the self-reporting of environmental attitudes and behavior. What methodological issues might decrease the credibility of this claim?

 

 

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A. Ecological behavior was self-reported instead of measuring actual behavior.

  

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B. The sample used was made up only self-reported environmentalists.

  

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C. Environmental attitudes were not related to environmental behavior in this study.

  

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D. None of the above was true of the study.

  

Question 7 of 40

2.5 Points

A researcher wants to study bonding behavior in chimpanzees. Unfortunately, the researcher has no real knowledge about chimpanzees, and there is no information on bonding in the literature. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to begin to study the topic?

 

 

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A. Archival research

  

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B. Ex post facto methodology

  

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C. Experimental research

  

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D. Naturalistic observation

  

Question 8 of 40

2.5 Points

What is the reason for this statement: “In differential research, we are actually studying relationships between variables”?

 

 

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A. Correlation coefficients are calculated.

  

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B. The strength of the relationship between dependent variables is measured.

  

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C. Differential research involves only measuring variables and not manipulating them.

  

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D. Contingent relationships are carefully measured.

  

Question 9 of 40

2.5 Points

The problem of participants’ contrived consistency on self-report measures can be reduced by:

 

 

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A. including fewer items.

  

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B. using appropriate statistical controls.

  

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C. making the participant aware of what the researcher is interested in.

  

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D. adding filler items.

  

Question 10 of 40

2.5 Points

What is the primary ethical concern in low-constraint research?

 

 

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A. Confidentiality

  

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B. Researcher’s access to sensitive information

  

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C. Informed consent

  

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D. All of the above

  

Question 11 of 40

2.5 Points
     

Archival research is an example of:

 

 

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A. single-subject designs.

  

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B. an ANOVA.

  

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C. low-constraint field research.

  

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D. high-constraint laboratory research.

  

Question 12 of 40

2.5 Points
     

Rosenhan investigated the experiences of psychiatric patients in mental hospitals by:

 

 

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A. asking patients to describe their experiences.

  

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B. unobtrusively observing the behavior of patients on psychiatric hospital wards.

  

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C. asking normal people to admit themselves to mental hospitals by feigning symptoms.

  

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D. asking psychiatrists to describe the environment of a typical mental hospital.

  

Question 13 of 40

2.5 Points

A probability statement such as “given that event X occurred, then the probability of event Y occurring is high” is referred to as a(n):

 

 

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A. event notation.

  

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B. corollary.

  

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C. certainty statement.

  

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D. contingency.

  

Question 14 of 40

2.5 Points

One of the most important uses of a correlation is its potential use in:

 

 

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A. causal inferences.

  

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B. determining differences between groups.

  

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C. enhancing internal validity.

  

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D. the prediction of future events.

  

Question 15 of 40

2.5 Points

Low-constraint research enables us to obtain useful information about:

 

 

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A. techniques for manipulating variables.

  

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B. causality.

  

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C. relationships among variables.

  

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D. making and testing predictions.

  

Question 16 of 40

2.5 Points
     

An area of concern that is more problematic in laboratory research than in low-constraint field work in psychology is:

 

 

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A. scientific validity.

  

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B. generalizability of findings.

  

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C. that lab experiments are unethical.

  

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D. that most human behavior can only be evaluated in naturalistic environments.

  

Question 17 of 40

2.5 Points

Without experimentation:

 

 

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A. no conclusions can be drawn.

  

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B. strong causal conclusions can still be drawn.

  

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C. drawing strong conclusions is difficult.

  

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D. drawing strong conclusions is easy.

  

Question 18 of 40

2.5 Points

Asking participants in a survey a question such as, “What is your opinion of the way the economy is being handled by the president?” is an example of a(n) __________ question.

 

 

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A. open-ended

  

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B. multiple-choice

  

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C. Likert scale

  

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D. None of the above

  

Question 19 of 40

2.5 Points

In analyzing data in differential research, if we have score data and more than two groups, we would typically use a(n):

 

 

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A. Mann-Whitney U-Test.

  

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B. analysis of variance (ANOVA).

  

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C. chi-square test.

  

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D. correlated t-test.

  

Question 20 of 40

2.5 Points

A researcher wants to study the effects of attention on ability to perform a task. The participant’s attention is recorded by a research assistant that the participant knows is watching. A problem with this design is:

 

 

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A. measurement reactivity.

  

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B. participant observer bias.

  

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C. unobtrusive measurement.

  

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D. obtrusive participant measurement.

  

Question 21 of 40

2.5 Points

Testing effects are most pronounced in:

 

 

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A. measures of skill.

  

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B. elderly participants.

  

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C. young participants.

  

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D. nonverbal tests.

  

Question 22 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following characterizes experimental research?

 

 

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A. Seeking the strength and direction of relationships

  

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B. Hypothesis generating as the major aim

  

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C. High control and causal inferences

  

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D. The goal of observing contingent relationships

  

Question 23 of 40

2.5 Points

Multiple observers should be used in psychology when:

 

 

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A. observations are not completely subjective.

  

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B. there are questions about objectivity in making observations.

  

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C. it is thought that one observer is sufficient.

  

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D. the measure is unreliable.

  

Question 24 of 40

2.5 Points

Failure to rule out __________ variables results in threats to __________ validity.

 

 

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A. confounding; internal

  

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B. confounding; external

  

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C. dependent; internal

  

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D. dependent; external

  

Question 25 of 40

2.5 Points

A researcher wants to do a study of pretest anxiety. He devises two possible ways of measuring pretest anxiety: (1) attaching electrodes to the palm and measuring the amount of sweat produced; (2) having observers rate participants on how anxious they look. Which of the following is true?

 

 

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A. Both are subjective measures.

  

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B. Both are objective measures.

  

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C. #1 is objective; #2 is subjective.

  

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D. #1 is subjective; #2 is objective.

  

Question 26 of 40

2.5 Points

Matched random assignment is used in situations in which random assignment would:

 

 

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A. increase chances of unequal sample sizes.

  

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B. cause possible confounding because the groups may be unequal on key dimensions.

  

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C. not be possible because the researcher has too much prior knowledge about the parti

Write a 175- to 265-word response to the following:Is it immoral or insensitive to set evidence-based medical practice over other cultural medical beliefs?Fadiman compares the Hmong to a visual percep

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Write a 175- to 265-word response to the following:

  • Is it immoral or insensitive to set evidence-based medical practice over other cultural medical beliefs?
  • Fadiman compares the Hmong to a visual perception puzzle (p.237). Do you agree or disagree with her metaphor? Explain your reasoning.

you must now identify and discuss some of the legal and ethical considerations that must be taken into account in constructing your proposed healthcare facility. You are required to include the follow

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you must now identify and discuss some of the legal and ethical considerations that must be taken into account in constructing your proposed healthcare facility. You are required to include the following:

  • Define and discuss the differences between licensure, certification, and accreditation as they relate to health care facilities.
  • Discuss the ethical or legal requirements and responsibilities that a health care organization has in ensuring its facility is licensed, certified, and accredited. When discussing licensure requirements, ensure that you research requirements based on the state in which you reside.
  • Define and discuss the differences between the licensure and certification as they relate to healthcare providers or professionals.
  • Discuss the ethical or legal requirements and responsibilities that a health care organization has in ensuring its staff members are licensed and certified.
  • Research and discuss an accrediting body that will provide accreditation to the facility you are proposing. Ensure that you provide a history of the organization, what types of facilities they accredit, and how the organization has impacted the quality of health care in the United States.

Note: You must include a minimum of 3 scholarly references.

The achievements of an organization are the results of the combined effort of each individual.—Vince LombardiCollaboration is a critical component of quality improvement. It is also a central tenet

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The achievements of an organization are the results of the combined effort of each individual.

—Vince Lombardi

Collaboration is a critical component of quality improvement. It is also a central tenet of your endeavors as a scholar-practitioner in this Walden University Master’s program. To succeed in your role as a nurse leader-manager, it is important to engage in ongoing development of collaborative skills and to help foster a culture that values collaboration.

In Weeks 1 and 2 of this course, you analyzed your strengths and considered how to leverage these strengths for effective leadership. In a similar vein, this week you evaluate your strengths and areas for growth with regard to interdisciplinary collaboration.

To prepare:

  • Review the competencies described in the Interprofessional Education Collaborative report and in Chapter 9 of the Hickey and Brosnan text.
  • As you reflect on the competency statements outlined for each domain, think about which ones reflect your strengths. Which competency statements point to areas for growth?
  • Consider the benefit of working with interdisciplinary teams for addressing quality improvement initiatives.
  • Conduct a search of the literature and select at least one article that illustrates the benefits of interprofessional collaboration for nurse leader-managers as it relates to improving quality.

Note: Think about a potential connection between the concepts presented throughout this course (i.e. systems-level change, quality, etc.), and a Practicum Project that you might focus on in NURS 6600. Consider how you might use interprofessional collaboration in your practicum setting.

By Day 3

Post an analysis of your strengths and areas for growth related to interprofessional collaboration competencies. Explain the benefits of interprofessional collaboration for meeting quality improvement goals. Support your response with examples from current literature.

optional resources

http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/ipecreport.pdf

Shor, R. (2010). Interdisciplinary collaboration between social workers and dieticians in nutrition education programs for children-at-risk. Social Work in Health Care, 49(4), 345–361.

Petri, L. (2010). Concept analysis of interdisciplinary collaboration. Nursing Forum, 45(2), 73–82.

Braithwaite, J., Westbrook, M., Nugus, P., Greenfield, D., Travaglia, J. Runciman, W. … Westbrook, J. (2012). A four-year, systems-wide intervention promoting interprofessional collaboration. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), 99–106

Bainbridge, L., Nasmith, L., Orchard, C., & Wood, V. (2010). Competencies for interprofessional collaboration. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 24(1), 6–11.

Patient care hinges in part on adequate and timely information exchange between treating providers. Referral and reply letters are common means by which doctors and nurse practitioners exchange inform

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Patient care hinges in part on adequate and timely information exchange between treating providers. Referral and reply letters are common means by which doctors and nurse practitioners exchange information pertinent to patient care. Ensuring that letters meet the needs of letter recipients saves time for clinicians and patients, reduces unnecessary repetition of diagnostic investigations, and helps to avoid patient dissatisfaction and loss of confidence in medical practitioners.

As a Nurse Practitioner (NP) you will need to know the difference between a consultation and a referral for treatment, when ordering and when carrying out consultations or referrals.

Consultations

A consultation is a request for opinion or advice, so that the requestor can manage the patient. A consultation is billed under one of the consultation codes listed in Physicians’ Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) (99241-99245 for outpatient of office consultations). If the NP is the consultant, the NP should document the request for a consultation, the reason for the consult, and the NP’s evaluation and recommendations.

When an NP requests a consultation from another provider, the N P should request “consultation” on the referral form, rather than “referring.”

Referrals:

A referral is made when the referring provider wants to turn the management of the patient over to the referred-to provider, at least for the current complaint.

When a NP refers a patient, the NP should state on the referral form that the NP is “referring the patient for evaluation and treatment.” The referred-to provider will bill an evaluation and management code, rather than a consultation code.

Writing Assignment: Consult: Write up a consult request and include all key elements.

Ms. Perez has been referred to Ms. Wilson FNP-C,APRN, MSN  for consultation regarding eczema unresponsive to treatment in the past six months.

Document the evaluation and recommendations for how Ms. Wilson FNP-C,APRN,MSN should deal with the consultation request and bill a consultation code.

Writing Assignment: Referral: Write up a referral request and include all key elements.

As an NP and Ms. Perez primary care provider, you decide to refer her to Dr. Owens a dermatologist for evaluation and treatment regarding eczema unresponsive to treatment in the past six months.

1. Document your referral to Dr. Owens

2. Document the evaluation and recommendations for how Dr. Owens should deal with the referral and bill a referral code.

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